1. Small Current Communication System

In this communication system, data can be transmitted even when a user touches directly the communication module. The setup utilizes what is called "small current communication system in which the human body acts as a conductor to transmit data.


2. Electric Field Communication System

In this communication system, data can be transmitted even when a user does not touch indirectly to the communication module, i.e. when the user's hand is located several centimeters away from the module or positioned behind an insulator such as a handkerchief. The setup utilizes what is called "electric field communication system" in which the human body acts as a sort of capacitor to transmit data.


3. UHF Radio Communication System

The radio wave of UHF propagates along the surface of the human body with the side radiation antenna.



4. Supersonic Wave Communication System

At Takushoku University, Associate Professor Toshiyuki Maeyama's group is researching the human body communication by the elastic wave (supersonic wave).


(Courtesy of Dr. Maeyama )


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